The Shanghai Cooperation Organization was established in 1996 among the member countries with the aim of security cooperation, and throughout its life, it has developed its cooperation in various fields, including economy.The economic cooperation of this organization includes such things as trade and investment, infrastructure development, energy cooperation, financial cooperation and cultural exchange and tourism. The Islamic Republic of Iran has been seeking to become a member of this organization for the past years and finally became a permanent member of this organization in 1400, and now the country has been prepared to take advantage of the capacities available in theShanghai Cooperation Organization. Considering the numerous and diverse economic activities of the Social Security Organization of the Armed Forces (SATA), this organization has a good basis for exploiting the opportunitiesavailable in cooperation with the member countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Therefore, in this article, we seek to examine the areas of cooperation and opportunities available in the Shanghai Organization in the field of defense economics for SATA, the method used in this article is an interview with the experts of the Social Security Organization of the Armed Forces (SATA) and a library study, and finally Executive suggestions will be provided to take advantage of these opportunities.

A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the basic dimensions affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 dimensions. The importance of these dimensions in defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The design of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the security circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In the design of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Background & Purpose: Hope is recognized as a key factor in increasing productivity, motivating employees, and strengthening their resilience within organizations. This concept becomes especially significant in defense organizations, which face complex challenges and high-pressure work environments. Given the necessity of boosting morale and motivation among employees in such organizations, presenting a model for enhancing hope can contribute to improving organizational performance and achieving strategic goals. The aim of this paper is to present a practical model for enhancing hope in a defense organization. Methodology: This qualitative research is a type of applied research. The research information sources were published scientific documents as well as interview data with experts of a defense organization. In this research, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 experts using the method of purposeful and judgmental sampling. The obtained data were analyzed using the grounded theory method (Glaseri's emergent approach) and with the help of MaxQDA software. Validity of the research was done with the approval of members and participants. Also, the reliability of the research was confirmed by agreement method (81% agreement coefficient). Findings: The results of this study showed that the research model includes the three dimensions of what (spiritual beliefs, realism, purposefulness, foresight, psychological capital, effort and motivation, resilience), why (increasing individual and social vitality, strengthening the social and political system, strengthening health/health). psychological, strengthening cognitive-emotional beliefs) and how to (develop spiritual well-being, strengthen beliefs, develop social and cultural capital, explain jihad, manage media and social networks, focus on economic growth and progress, strengthen national security, develop strategic and cognitive thinking, Scientific jihad and national capacity building, attracting young scientific and educated elites, improving the level of social well-being, developing emotional intelligence, positive health, gratitude, good governance). Conclusion: The final model of the research,, by identifying key factors and offering practical solutions can play an effective role in enhancing the hope of employees in defense organizations. This model, with an emphasis on organizational cohesion, mutual trust, and fostering a positive mindset, provides a suitable foundation for achieving strategic objectives and increasing organizational efficiency.

A Robust strategy is one that is still effective despite obstacles, surprises, and unforeseen mistakes. The purpose of this study is to develop robust strategies for outsourcing logistics services. This research is applied in terms of purpose, mixed in terms of approach exploratory-survey method. Library and field methods have been used to collect information. First, the capability indicators affecting the sustainability of logistics services outsourcing were identified through interviews with experts and based on them, questionnaires were prepared and distributed among managers and commanders of preparedness and support. The statistical population of the interview is the experts and senior managers of the defense organization who were selected by judgment. The population for the distribution of the questionnaire of experts and commanders in the field of readiness and support of the Defense Organization. The results of analysis identify four pivotal uncertainties, including non-location in the global supply chain network,Class level differences between the organization under study and other defense forces,Sanctions, crisis and war,And led to the discontinuity and stability of supply and sources of supply. Proportionally consistent strategies include resale,National unity,Popularizing defense,And Dana was identified as a knowledge-based employer and the Tavaana Network was identified as a capable supplier.

Background and purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the harms of the defense equipment standardization process in a military-police organization in 1401 and seeks to provide implementation solutions to eliminate the identified harms. Method: This research is applied and mixed in terms of the nature of the data. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts familiar with the standardization process in the number of 11 people and until reaching theoretical saturation, and using thematic analysis method with the help of MAXQDA4 software. Components and indicators were identified. In the quantitative phase, using the importance-performance analysis method, damages were evaluated and prioritized. The statistical population of this research is the number of 22 experts and the statistical sample of the research is in the quantitative phase in the form of full enumeration. Findings: Based on the collected information, 13 components and 81 indicators (damages) were identified for the standardization process of the organization's ready defense items and support. The lack of training of expert and expert human resources, weakness in technical attachments and not valuing human resources were ranked first to third, and the negative impact of macro policies on testing equipment was ranked last. Conclusion: According to the analysis, 25 injuries are in the first quarter (concentration) and need to be addressed immediately and the organization should spend most of its resources and energy on improving them. 12 injuries have been identified in the second quarter (maintaining the status quo). This situation can be maintained to avoid wasting resources. 16 damages have occurred in the area of consideration (third quarter) and these indicators are not of great importance for the organization, it can be the next priority of the organization, but it is necessary to reduce the level of damage during a short-term program and by spending the least amount of resources, or kept at least The remaining 28 cases are located in the condescension area (fourth quarter), which is not part of the organization's priority, and dealing with these damages will cause a waste of resources.

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of managers in the Defense Industries Organization. The research method is applied from the point of view of purpose and is exploratory in terms of type. This research was in the framework of a qualitative approach that was conducted using the data theory approach. Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and in order to collect data using purposive sampling method, 15 organizational experts and experts in the field of management training and development were interviewed using theoretical saturation method. Using MAXQDA software, data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Based on this, 679 primary concept codes, 216 concepts and about 23 model categories were extracted. In order to assess the validity and reliability of the coding, the participants' validation method was used. Finally, based on the calculated dimensions of the model by looking at the paradigmatic model of Strauss and Corbin, including causal factors (business strategies-leadership-stakeholders), intervention factors (management of organizational performance-participation and commitment of managers-resources resources), the central phenomenon (Needs Assessment Resources-Needs Assessment Tools-Education and Development Profile) Underlying Factors (Upstream Laws and Documents-Organizational Culture-Learning Environment) Strategies (Qualification-Competence-Succession-Learning Development) Consequences (Organization Development-Developed Managers) Compiled.

Organizational commitment is continues process which through it staff can believe the objectives and values of the organization and try to reach it.Organizational commitment is an effective factor in organizational behavior of staff and indicates the positive and negative attitude of them to the whole organization.This research has done to identify and investigate the organizational commitment of staffs of Passive Defense of the country. Some questions have been raised such as investigating the rate of interest and pride to be member of the organization, willingness to stay, determining the identification of the individual by Passive Defense organization of the country and personal features such as education, military service record, age and organizational post.Data analysis of research has been tested by questionnaire, interview, and descriptive and inferential statistical method. The results indicate that whatever the interest to the organization increases, the sooner organization reaches to its objectives and their commitment will enhance. Whatever the pride of joining to the organization increases, their commitment will increase and they won’t be reluctant to choose a substitute job. And if their identity becomes much more specific, to that extent their commitment to the organization will increase.

Science is the main pillar of growth and development. For Encountering with environmental conditions, Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces should manage their scientific, knowledge and time resources, which are their intellectual capital. Because of restriction and irreversibility of resources, including funds, human and time resources, it is impossible to deal with all of the sciences and technologies. Specifying of required sciences and technologies, prevent organization from divided and non-required activities. The main objective of the research is introduction of proper process for extraction and prioritizing of required sciences in military organizations and its subsidiary objectives are determination and prioritizing of required sciences and technologies. The research is an applied-developmental one and in terms of method is a descriptive and survey research. Due to the need for expertise evaluations, the research was performed in a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) approach and 10 expertise meetings were held inviting 20 experts. Statistical society of the research is 250 people and sample size was 70 people according to Chocran formula. Cronbach's alpha of questionnaire was 0. 987. The results of the research indicates that required sciences and technologies in military organizations can be extracted by capability based approach. Required capabilities of organization should be extracted from tasks of organization.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze supply chain operational disruptions of a defense organization through interpretive structural modelling. In the first step, by reviewing the literature, supply chain-related disruptions were counted. Then, by conducting field research and consulting experts, disruptions appropriate to the operational clothing supply chain of a defense organization were identified. Then, by using interpretive structural modelling (ISM), the degree of dependence and stimulus of disruptions and their internal relationships were obtained in seven stages. Disruptions related to MICMAC analysis were classified into four categories: autonomic, dependent, connective, and stimulus. According to the results of this study, the disruptions of "war and terrorist attacks" and " Coronavirus outbreak " in the fourth region, have the most influence and actually stimulate the rest of the disruptions. Six of the disruptions were located in the first region, the autonomous region, and "delayed delivery" disruptions was the most dependent possible disruption in the second region.